Blockchain Technology: Architectures, Security Challenges, and Emerging Applications

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive review of blockchain 
technology, encompassing its fundamental architectural 
designs, prevalent security challenges, and burgeoning 
application domains. It delineates the intricate layered 
structure of blockchain, providing a foundational framework 
for understanding its operational complexities and 
vulnerabilities. Furthermore, it explores how various 
security threats can undermine the integrity and reliability of 
blockchain systems, offering a novel taxonomy for 
classifying existing research on vulnerability detection 
within this rapidly evolving technological landscape. It also 
provides an in-depth analysis of prominent attack vectors 
encountered within the blockchain ecosystem, accompanied 
by an exploration of existing defense mechanisms and a 
discussion of future research directions to enhance system 
robustness. This comprehensive analysis aims to dissect the 
intricate ecosystem of blockchain, offering readers a 
nuanced understanding of its multifaceted security 
landscape.